What Can Firewall Do, Who Needs Firewall, How Does a Firewall Works, Benefits of Firewall.Do You Know What is Firewall

What Does a Firewall Do, What Can Firewall Do, Who Needs Firewall, How Does a Firewall Works, Benefits of Firewall...
A firewall protects networked computers from intentional hostile intrusion that could compromise confidentially or result in data corruption or denial service .It may be a hardware device or a software program running on a secure host computer. In either case, it must have at least two network interfaces, one for the network it is intended to protect, and one for the network it is exposed to.
A firewalls sits at the junction point or gateway between the two networks, usually a private network and a public network such as internet .The earliest firewalls were simply routers .The term firewall comes from the fact that by segmenting a network into different physical sub networks, they limited the damage that could spread from one subnet to another just like fire doors or firewalls.
What Does a Firewall Do?
A firewall examines all traffic routed between the networks, otherwise it is stopped .A firewall filters both inbound and outbound traffic .it can also manage public access to private networked resources such as host applications. It can be used to log all attempts to enter the private network and trigger alarms when hostile or unauthorized entry is attempted.
Firewalls can filter packets on their source and destination addresses and port numbers. This is known as address filtering .Firewalls can also filter specific types of network traffic. This is also known as protocol filtering because the decision to forward or reject traffic is dependent upon the protocol used, for example HTTP, FTP or Telnet. Firewalls can also filter traffic by packet attribute or state.
DO U KNOW WHAT IS FIREWALL
What Can Firewall Do?
A firewall cannot prevent individual user with modems from dialing into or out of the network, by the passing the firewall altogether. Employee misconduct or careleness cannot be controlled by the firewalls .Policies involving the use and misuse of passwords and user accounts must be strictly enforced these are management issues that should be raised during the planning of any security policy but that cannot be solved with firewalls alone.

Who Needs Firewall?
Anyone who is responsible for a private network that is connected to a public network needs firewall protection. Furthermore, anyone who connects so much as single computer to the internet via modem should have personal firewall software.
How Does a Firewall Works?
There are two access denial methodologies used by firewall.
A firewall may allow traffic unless it meets certain criteria, the type of criteria, or it may deny all traffic unless it meets certain criteria .The type of criteria used to determine whether traffic should be allowed through varies from one type of firewall to another .Firewalls may be concerned with the type of traffic, or source or destination addresses and ports. They may also use complex rule bases that analyses the application data to determine what traffic to let through depends on which network layer it operates at
Benefits of Firewall
1. Firewall protect private local area network from hostile intrusion from the internet
2. Consequently, many LANS are now connected to the internet where internet connectivity world otherwise have been too great risk.
3. Firewalls allow network administrator to offer access to specific types of internet services to selected LAN users
4. Privileges can be granted according to job description and need rather than on all or nothing basis.

Protect Your Identity pasword location detail photo Online Safety tips

Protect Your Identity Protect Your Connection Download Safely Safety tips for children
Protect Your Identity
1. Don’t use lazy passwords. Use alpha numeric passwords, if possible also use Special symbols like $, # etc. in your password. Never use the same password for different accounts.
2. When signing up or agreeing to anything, read the fine print.
3. Do not give out your full name, address, or phone number to anyone online that you don’t trust or know in person. You may get spam e-mails asking about you personal info, financial account info, telling that you won the prize or money. Avoid phishing.
Protect Your Connection
1. Use licensed copy of Antivirus Software. Regularly update it. (I am using Netlux AV).
2. When using a public wireless network, make sure to turn off file sharing and network discovery.
In Windows, these options can be found under Control Panel > Network and Internet > Network and Sharing Center.
 In Mac OS X, they are under System Preferences > Sharing.
1. Make sure the connection is secure for online transactions (URLs like this begin with https:// instead of http://) and the site is trustworthy.
2. Configure your browsers to filter out or block inappropriate content, Block pop-ups.
Download Safely
1. Only download files or software from sites that have been rated/verified by trusted sources.
2.Never open e-mail attachments from strangers unless you can trust them and have security settings on your computer. Mark them as “spam” or “junk”. Disable attachment previews.
“Your current Location >> Your Password >> Your Info >> Your Schedule >> Your Photo” Keep this away from internet, or use it in secured way!!
Social networking sites like Facebook make it a lot easier to share photos with your friends, but think before you post. Only share photos with friends you know offline and make sure you check out your privacy settings.
Sometimes other people can reveal a person’s location. Facebook allows friends to “tag” them at a location in real time. If this is a concern, the ability to be “tagged” can be restricted by requiring a person to give permission using “Profile (Timeline) Review.”
Each and every day there are millions of photos and videos posted online, and a great deal of this material is very interesting, informative and in a great number of cases very funny. On the other hand, the Internet also contains a lot of content that is neither funny nor amusing. So, ensure your safety yourself!!
 Online Safety
Safety tips for children:
 If you have your own web page or blog, don’t set its visibility to anyone. If you want to be safer, make it invitation only.
 Do Searching safely. Keep the parental controls on and you can avoid unwanted, unnecessary content. Be careful when someone offers you something for nothing, such as gifts or money.
 Don’t click on advertisements you don’t recognize. There are a lot of products and services that just aren’t appropriate for children.
 Be careful about what information about yourself you give out, sharing personal information like your address is not smart. Get to know your “online friends” just as you get to know all of your other friends.
 Don’t respond to offensive or dangerous e-mail, chat, or other communications.

use internet marketing on social networks latest techniques

Are you looking to use social networks to product yourself or your company? If so, then your strategy would be entirely different than someone who is basically wanting to create several inbound links from high power page rated social websites. A marketing strategy would obviously require a bit more persistence. If your basically getting the shotgun strategy and trying to get inbound links in an attempt to gain a high position in the google, then you may want to create a barrier between your social network information and social submitting of social bookmarks initiatives. In other terms, once you have used the social submitting of social bookmarks websites and have designed social network information that have a weblink directing returning to your website, enhance and weblink those websites w

hich already have power in order to provide your primary website a little extra increase.

Karbonn S5 Titanium is the next version of S1 Titanium

The Karbonn S5 Titanium is the next version of S1 Titanium. It has 5-inch HD display and an 8-megapixel rear camera. The price at the time of launching was around 12000 but now it has come down to 9999 in the online market. Let’s find out why you should buy this karbonn product.
Design
The karbonn titanium S5 is looks a little different from the titanium S1. It is much more thinly compared to its previous version. The phone is launched in 2 colours that are white and deep blue. It has 5-inch qHD display, navigational three capacitive touch buttons, and front camera. The Screen lock button is at the right side of the phone whereas the volume key is located at left side view. It has 3.5mm headset jack and the Micro-USB port are at the top. The back of the phone is still made of plastic which is the area of concern.
Display
The LG Optimus G Pro has a 5.5-inch IPS Plus LCD screen and a 1080×1920 pixels resolution. There are very few full touch phone available in the market. It has a corning’s Gorilla 2 Protection which helps to prevent scratches. The look and feel of LG optimus is awesome and the text and images looks great on the screen of this gadget. Obviously as the size of this gadget is massive the resolution is not as good compared to other smart phones in its category but still it impresses me a lot.
Karbonn Titanium S5
Battery Life
The LG Optimus G Pro is controlled by a 1.7ghz Qualcomm Snapdragon 600 quad-center processor with 2gb RAM installed, and an Adreno 320 chip (400 Mhz) for transforming design. There is 16gb of interior space, out of which 10.5gb is accessible to the client. The telephone additionally offers a microsd card space for extending space up to 64gb. With Android 4.1.2 Jelly Bean, the general knowledge of route through the interface was amazingly noteworthy, on account of Project Butter and all the force under the hood. We didn’t experience any slack whatsoever while starting applications, scrolling site pages or exchanging between applications. On occasion we did experience some stammer while opening the screen yet that is more inclined to be because of all the special interface impacts LG has added to the UI layer. We were equipped to run all film organizations incorporating AVI and MOV through the local motion picture player, however we encountered a few issues with sound while playing a MKV arrangement movie. This was effectively altered by downloading an unbiased gathering movie player.
Applications
The telephone plays full-HD films without a hitch. The speaker on the telephone conveys exceptional quality sound at high volume levels however sound gets suppressed when the telephone untruths on its over as the speaker is spotted on that side. The telephone additionally upholds Dolby sound when you cork in the earphones, which offers a much wealthier sound. Shockingly, the telephone doesn’t incorporate FM radio usefulness, comparable to the Samsung Galaxy S4.

Securing Your Facebook Account

Facebook has successfully marked its presence among teens as well as young and older adults. It’s a way to connect with your family or friends, a means of interaction with strangers. Limit your connections Most key privacy settings are accessible by clicking the arrow in the upper right-hand corner of your profile screen (next to your name and the Home button). From here, select Privacy Settings in the drop-down menu. Click on Edit Settings next to the How You Connect option to begin your profile lockdown. This section contains five privacy settings. Facebook privacy: connections Limit who can find you, contact you and post to your timeline. Facebook offers many features to its users for a safe and secure online experience. Facebook has recently announced and added the full HTTPS support for the site to keep you protected from security threats like viruses, malware and hackers. But, if you are using HTTPS support, encrypted pages take longer to load and your account will be slower. The best part of Facebook, however, is that you can customize your account’s settings and privacy to suit your needs. Profile -> Settings Go to: settings -> privacy Here you can customize visibility of your basic details such as profile information, status updates, friends, your wall, photos or videos you are tagged in etc. In short, you can adjust your privacy on all of the above elements. Profile -> Settings Go to: settings -> general accounts setting In this section, you can customize your contact details such as your phone number, user name, password and e-mail address. You also can hide your contact details from strangers. Profile -> Settings Go to: settings -> timeline and tagging settings In this section, you can adjust your settings for tagging of photos, who can see your timeline and who can add items to your timeline. Profile -> Settings Go to: settings -> blocking Facebook also offers a unique “block” feature. You can use this feature to block those who are sending you weird messages, posting spam links or are annoying you in any way. Other security measures Do not click on suspicious links. Use a unique password for accessing your Facebook account and never disclose it to anyone else. Avoid logging into your Facebook account on untrusted networks. Just because a link is on Facebook doesn’t mean it is safe avoid clicking on Facebook ads. Avoid using third party applications like online data transfer, information exchange, games etc. Never forget to logout. Share your posts, updates, pictures within your friend circle rather than making it public.

Farm tractor pen and ink drawing antique vintage agriculture art print

Farm Tractor agriculture drawing
Farm tractor pen and ink drawing antique vintage agriculture art print. Available as fine art prints.
Sizes and Options

Passion Flower Painting

Painting of flowers. Purple passion flowers close up watercolor painting. Passion flower is also known as maypop. It is a woody vine with flowers which reminded early pilgrims of the passion or suffering of Christ.

Tips to plan a great bicycle vacation

HOW TO TRANSPORT THE BICYCLE
Before deciding where to travel, it's important to establish how to transfer the bike. The possibilities to transfer the bicycle depend on your destination.
If You travel in Europe by bike, the train is your best friend.
Many cyclists in other European countries are accustomed to travel by train with his bicycle. This is possible from a few years, even in Italy.
 You can buy a special ticket, (cost nearly 5 Euros) usable on most trains in the same day. The ticket has included instructions for use.
 The bicycle should be charged and discharged by the traveler in the same carriage marked.
By train with the bag door-bike.
Although as bags are bulky, are generally tolerated by the controllers.
Shipping by rail.
The bicycle must be sent by the first few days empowered stations, properly packaged.
Shipper.
Addressing a courier is generally a system that ensures safety and punctuality. In addition to cost, the only problem is finding the shipper that has a corresponding precisely in the area that interested.
Airplane.
For some destinations is necessary to use the plane.
In this case, the bicycle may be transported for free as personal baggage (usually between exchanges and a half we must not exceed 20 kg.).
Compacts.
It is not, in our opinion, the most "green" with which to move.
 On a car needed to mount the appropriate carrier now widespread.
 The car can be left at campsites or car parks.
 If the trip is not circular, you can return to starting point using the train.
Rent or travel agency.
And, finally, for those who want to avoid the problem transporting the bike there are other possibilities
The rental is very widespread in several countries, especially in tourist areas most suitable to the holiday by bicycle.
Speaking to specialized travel agencies can, over the hiring, use of combinations or participate in guided cycling trips.
HOW TO SET UP THE BICYCLE
Surely a mechanic of trust is able to advise that better responds to different specific needs. We then simply provide some indications drawn from the experience of cycling tourists.
The chassis must provide housing for luggage racks, fenders, lights, etc..
The wheels must be sufficiently robust and equipped with at least 36 rays of section not less than 2 mm. From discard without delay the tubular, too vulnerable and not very practical; preferable tires with an inner tube.
The transmission system must provide at least one double or triple multiplies.
More functional brakes are those like "cantilever" derived from mountain biking.
The handlebar can be of different types: the "touring", the most widespread, allows a more comfortable; that "racing" is more suitable for long distances (it should be adjusted to the saddle); one from mountain bike, "with special arrangements" represents an intermediate solution.
The saddle must be comfortable but not too cumbersome and spring.
The carrier, which is indispensable, must be robust and well anchored to the frame. In the long journeys also bear considerable weight.
Mudguards are recommended, lighter and resistant to adverse weather.
Lanterns and reflectors are required by law in Italy and all European countries and necessary for its security.
Even mountain-biking can be easily used to round-trips, especially on routes more rugged. In cycling trips you should provide it with the tires lighter.
LUGGAGE AND EQUIPMENT
The list that follows cannot, and will not be quite comprehensive.
Each one could adapt these recommendations to the type and length of the journey to be undertaken.
Grants must have the following characteristics: comfort transported in hand, good waterproofing. In the market there are bags front and rear possibly equipped with capable bag higher.
The handbag to be applied on the handlebars, as well as make it possible to consult during the trip the topographic map, is easily detachable and then used to storage money, documents, camera. etc...
The clothing for the cycle-hiker may be that of a normal walk. Who takes a more demanding trip needs of specific garments. Most useful are certainly shorts with inner lining. The T-shirt cycling, for those who prefer, offers the advantage of back pockets and tissue.
Indispensable have a cape or other waterproof garments.
For emergencies cannot miss a gear bag and a briefcase first aid (include at least: an inner tube in stock, repair kit, the key fixed or Allen, brake wire, pliers and a small screwdriver).
FOOD AND NIGHT
Who pedal for several days I'd recommended:
A hearty breakfast in the morning (milk, butter bread and jam, biscuits, honey, cereals, etc...).
When travel is advisable to keep light energy consuming (eg dried fruit, muesli, etc.)..
Halfway through the day a small snack (eg: a stuffed sandwich and fruit).
The evening meal must be also psychological. And good relying on the local gastronomy, without going beyond, especially in alcohol.
In the summer should drink to integrate minerals (better fruit juices). You can also dissolve one sachet of integrator in its bottle. Still better, however, not to exceed with these products.
For the night, You should be informed with precision on tourist facilities in the countries where you travel and planning stages in order to arrive in mid-afternoon.
Bed and Breakfast: are, in general, families that offer lodging and breakfast. If traveling abroad is that in many European countries (eg Netherlands, Austria) this solution is cheaper and better organized. Just go in the tourist offices or follow the signs.
Hotels: in some countries if they find enough economic (e.g.: France, Austria) in others are very expensive (e.g. Netherlands).
HOW TO PROGRAM STAGES IN A JOURNEY OF SEVERAL DAYS
First, we must have all the material necessary: guides and tourist brochures and indications of possible paths for cycle-tourism.
Essentials road maps as detailed as possible (at least 1:200.000, the ideal 1: 100,000 not always available). Some provide ancillary news very useful. i.e. In the Italian Touring maps are marked the profiles and the climbs, those French Michelin the number of roads. There are German and Dutch papers that report all existing cycle-paths, etc...
Keep count of the time available and their medium kilometers per daily, You must decide in broad terms what path you want to do.
It may be useful to highlight locations where stop for a visit.

Fastest Super Computers in the World

Supercomputers are used for highly calculation-intensive tasks such as problems including weather forecasting, quantum physics, oil and gas exploration, climate research, molecular modeling (computing the structures and properties of chemical compounds, biological macromolecules, polymers, and crystals), and physical simulations (such as simulation of airplanes in wind tunnels, simulation of the detonation of nuclear weapons, and research into nuclear fusion) etc.
Supercomputers were introduced in the 1960s and were designed primarily by Seymour Cray at Control Data Corporation (CDC), and later at Cray Research. While the supercomputers of the 1970s used only a few processors, in the 1990s, machines with thousands of processors began to appear and by the end of the 20th century, massively parallel supercomputers with tens of thousands of "off-the-shelf" processors were the norm.
The list below of the fastest 10 Supercomputers in the world is according to the list provided from top500.org.
No# 1: Titan - Cray XK7, Opteron 6274 16C 2.200GHz, Cray Gemini interconnect, NVIDIA K20x:
Titan is a supercomputer built by Cray at Oak Ridge National Laboratory for use in a variety of science projects. Titan is an upgrade of Jaguar, a previous supercomputer at Oak Ridge, to use graphics processing units (GPUs) in addition to conventional central processing units (CPUs), and is the first such hybrid to perform over 10 petaFLOPS. The upgrade began in October 2011, commenced stability testing in October 2012 and it became partially available to researchers in early 2013. The initial cost of the upgrade was US$60 million, funded primarily by the United States Department of Energy.
Titan has AMD Opteron CPUs in conjunction with Nvidia Tesla GPUs to improve energy efficiency while providing an order of magnitude increase in computational power over Jaguar. It uses 18,688 CPUs paired with an equal number of GPUs to perform at a theoretical peak of 27 petaFLOPS; however, in the LINPACK benchmark used to rank supercomputers' speed, it performed at 17.59 petaFLOPS. This was enough to take first place in the November 2012 list by the TOP500 organization.
No# 2: Sequoia - BlueGene/Q, Power BQC 16C 1.60 GHz, Custom:
IBM Sequoia is a petascale Blue Gene/Q supercomputer constructed by IBM for the National Nuclear Security Administration as part of the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program (ASC). It was delivered to the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in 2011 and was fully deployed in June 2012. On 14 June 2012, the TOP500 Project Committee announced that Sequoia replaced the K computer as the world's fastest supercomputer, with a LINPACK performance of 16.32 petaflops, 55% faster than the K computer's 10.51 petaflops, having 123% more cores than the K computer's 705,024 cores. Sequoia is also more energy efficient, as it consumes 7.9 MW, 37% less than the K computer's 12.6 MW.
Record-breaking science applications have been run on Sequoia, the first to cross 10 petaflops of sustained performance. The cosmology simulation framework HACC achieved almost 14 petaflops with a 3.6 trillion particle benchmark run, while the Cardioid code, which models the electrophysiology of the human heart, achieved nearly 12 petaflops with a near real-time simulation. The entire supercomputer runs on Linux, with CNK running on over 98,000 nodes, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux running on 768 I/O nodes that are connected to the file system.
No# 3: K Computer - SPARC64 VIIIfx 2.0GHz, Tofu interconnect:
The K computer – named for the Japanese word "kei”, meaning 10 quadrillion (1016), is a supercomputer manufactured by Fujitsu, currently installed at the RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science campus in Kobe, Japan. The K computer is based on distributed memory architecture with over 80,000 computer nodes. It is used for a variety of applications, including climate research, disaster prevention and medical research.
In June 2011, TOP500 ranked K the world's fastest supercomputer, with a rating of over 8 petaflops, and in November 2011, K became the first computer to top 10 petaflops. It had originally been slated for completion in June 2012. In June 2012, K was superseded as the world's fastest supercomputer by the American IBM Sequoia.
No# 4: Mira - BlueGene/Q, Power BQC 16C 1.60GHz, Custom:
Mira is an IBM Blue Gene/Q, the third generation in a line of supercomputers that has topped the performance charts. Mira has been ranked the fourth fastest supercomputer in the world as of November 2012. Beyond providing hours of computing time, Mira itself is a stepping stone toward the next great goal of supercomputing: exascale speed, where computers will calculate quintillions of floating point operations per second. That's a thousand times faster than today's top machines. Mira will provide billions more processor-hours per year to the scientists, engineers, and researchers who use it to run complex simulations of everything from nuclear reactors to blood vessels through allocations awarded through INCITE, ALCC and Director's Discretionary programs.
Mira, the new petascale IBM Blue Gene/Q system being installed at the ALCF, will usher in a new era of scientific supercomputing. An engineering marvel, the 10-petaflops machine is capable of carrying out 10 quadrillion calculations per second. The ALCF is committed to delivering 786 million core hours on Mira in 2013. In full production mode starting in 2014, over 5 billion computing hours will be allotted to scientists each year.
No# 5: JUQUEEN - BlueGene/Q, Power BQC 16C 1.600GHz, Custom Interconnect:
The high performance Computer JUQUEEN at Forschungszentrum Juelich is the first supercomputer in Europe to reach a maximum compute performance of 5.9 Petaflop/s – equating to almost 6 quadrillion operations per second. The system opens up new possibilities for research intensive grand projects and a wider spectrum of participating work groups.
With 458,752 compute cores, the new system reaches a peak performance of 5.9 Petaflop/s, which equates to approximately 100,000 PCs based on a current performance level. JUQUEEN is an IBM BlueGene/Q system based on the IBM POWER architecture. Supercomputers of this kind are among the most energy efficient supercomputers in the world with a performance/power ratio of approximately 2 Gigaflop/s per Watt. JUQUEEN provides a fivefold improvement in energy efficiency compared to its predecessor JUGENE thanks to a direct water cooling system that takes away heat directly from the processors.
No# 6: SuperMUC - iDataPlex DX360M4, Xeon E5-2680 8C 2.70GHz, Infiniband FDR:
SuperMUC is the name of the new supercomputer at Leibniz-Rechenzentrum (Leibniz Supercomputing Centre) in Garching near Munich (the MUC suffix is borrowed from the Munich airport code). With more than 155.000 cores and a peak performance of 3 Petaflop/s, in June 2012 SuperMUC is one of the fastest supercomputers in the world.
SuperMUC strengthens the position of Germany's Gauss Centre for Supercomputing in Europe by delivering outstanding compute power and integrating it into the European High Performance Computing ecosystem. With the operation of SuperMUC, LRZ will act as an European Centre for Supercomputing and will be Tier-0 centre of PRACE, the Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe. SuperMUC is available to all European researchers to expand the frontiers of science and engineering.
No# 7: Stampede - PowerEdge C8220, Xeon E5-2680 8C 2.700GHz, Infiniband FDR, Intel Xeon Phi:
Stampede is one of the largest computing systems in the world for open science research. As an NSF Track2 HPC acquisition, this system provides unprecedented computational capabilities to the national research community enabling breakthrough science that has never before been possible. The scale of Stampede delivers opportunities in computational science and technology research, from highly parallel algorithms to high-throughput computing, from scalable visualization to next generation programming languages.
Stampede systems components are connected via a fat-tree, FDR InfiniBand interconnect. One hundred and sixty compute racks house compute nodes with dual, eight-core sockets, and feature the new Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors. Additional racks house login, I/O, big-memory, and general hardware management nodes. Each compute node is provisioned with local storage. A high-speed Lustre file system is backed by 76 I/O servers. Stampede also contains 16 large memory nodes, each with 1 TB of RAM and 32 cores, and 128 standard compute nodes, each with an NVIDIA Kepler K20 GPU, giving users access to large shared-memory computing and remote visualization capabilities, respectively. Users will interact with the system via multiple dedicated login servers, and a suite of high-speed data servers. The cluster resource manager for job submission and scheduling will be SLURM (Simple Linux Utility for Resource Management).
No# 8: Tianhe-1A - NUDT YH MPP, Xeon X5670 6C 2.93 GHz, NVIDIA 2050:
Tianhe-I, Tianhe-1, or TH-1, in English, "Milky Way (literally, Sky River) Number One", is a supercomputer capable of an Rmax (maximum range) of 2.566 petaFLOPS. Located at the National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin, China, it was the fastest computer in the world from October 2010 to June 2011 and is one of the few Petascale supercomputers in the world.
In October 2010, an upgraded version of the machine (Tianhe-1A) overtook ORNL's Jaguar to become the world's fastest supercomputer, with a peak computing rate of 2.507 petaFLOPS.[4][5] In June 2011 the Tianhe-1A was overtaken by the K computer as the world's fastest supercomputer. Both the original Tianhe-1 and Tianhe-1A use a Linux-based operating system.
No# 9: Fermi - BlueGene/Q, Power BQC 16C 1.60GHz, Custom:
FERMI is an IBM Blue Gene/Q configured with 10.240 PowerA2 sockets running at 1.6GHz, with 16 cores each, for a total of 163.840 compute cores and a system peak performance of 2.1 PFlops. Each processor comes with 16Gbyte of RAM (1Gbyte per core). A complex I/O storage subsystem with a total capacity in the order of ten PByte and a front-end bandwidth in excess of 100 GByte/s complements the computing system.
The FERMI computing system installed at CINECA in June 2012 for the Italian and European research, in production since August 2012 and officially inaugurated by Minister Profumo in October, still among the most powerful of the world. With the investments funded by the Ministry of Education, University and Research for this system, Italy remains in the top positions of the world-class ranking list and this is a great success that confirms the lead role of CINECA as national supercomputing center serving the Italian scientific community.
No# 10: DARPA Trial Subset - Power 775, POWER7 8C 3.836GHz, Custom Interconnect:
DARPA "Defense Advanced Research Project Agency" is an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense, are involved in making new technologies for the Military. DARPA Trial subset appears as fastest Computer in the world in 2012 by their Performance speed and manufactured by IBM at the IBM Research Laboratory Engineering Development.

Mobile Phones - History from 1973

The history of cell / mobile phones charts the development of devices which connect wirelessly to the public switched telephone network. The transmission of speech by radio has a long and varied history going back to Reginald Fessenden's invention and shore-to-ship demonstration of radio telephony, through the Second World War with military use of radio telephony links. Hand-held radio transceivers have been available since the 1940s. Mobile telephones for automobiles became available from some telephone companies in the 1940s. Early devices were bulky and consumed high power and the network supported only a few simultaneous conversations. Modern cellular networks allow automatic and pervasive use of mobile phones for voice and data communications.
In the United States, engineers from Bell Labs began work on a system to allow mobile users to place and receive telephone calls from automobiles, leading to the inauguration of mobile service on June 17, 1946 in St. Louis, Missouri. Shortly after, AT&T offered Mobile Telephone Service. A wide range of mostly incompatible mobile telephone services offered limited coverage area and only a few available channels in urban areas. The introduction of cellular technology, which allowed re-use of frequencies many times in small adjacent areas covered by relatively low powered transmitters, made widespread adoption of mobile telephones economically feasible.
In the USSR, Leonid Kupriyanovich, engineer from Moscow, in 1957-1961 developed and presented a number of experimental models of handheld mobile phone. The weight of a latest model, presented in 1961, was only 70 g and it freely took place on a palm. However in the USSR the decision at first to develop the system of automobile "Altai" phone was made.
The advances in mobile telephony can be traced in successive generations from the early "0G" services like MTS and its successor Improved Mobile Telephone Service, to first generation (1G) analog cellular network, second generation (2G) digital cellular networks, third generation (3G) broadband data services to the current state of the art, fourth generation (4G) native-IP networks.
Motorola was the first company to produce a handheld mobile phone. On April 3, 1973 Martin Cooper, a Motorola engineer and executive, made the first mobile telephone call from handheld subscriber equipment in front of reporters, placing a call to Dr. Joel S. Engel of Bell Labs. The prototype handheld phone used by Dr. Martin Cooper weighed 2.5 pounds and measured 9 inches long, 5 inches deep and 1.75 inches wide. The prototype offered a talk time of just 30 minutes and took 10 hours to re-charge.
John F. Mitchell, Motorola's chief of portable communication products and Martin Cooper's boss in 1973, played a key role in advancing the development of handheld mobile telephone equipment. Mitchell successfully pushed Motorola to develop wireless communication products that would be small enough to use anywhere and participated in the design of the cellular phone.
Below are some images represents the history of Cell / Mobile Phones from 1973 – 2013:
1973
The first public wireless phone call was made in 3rd April, 1973 by Martin Cooper of Motorola. Walking along in sixth avenue, New York he called Joel Engel (head of research, Bell Labs). The phone he used had the following features:
Weight: 2.5 pound
Length: 10 inches
Battery life: 20 minutes only.
1982:
Mobile phone opportunities opened up when the Federal Communications Commission approved the establishment of Mobile Telephone System and allocated analog frequencies use by the network.
1983: MOTOROLA Dynatac 8000X
The first Cellphone was sold to the public and really kicked things off. The MOTOROLA DYNATAC 8000X (nickname "The Brick") included the following features:
Twenty (20) large buttons
A long rubber antenna
Battery life: 30 minutes
Recharge time: 10 hours
1989: MTOROLA Microtac:
It was the first flip cell phone from Motorola. Over the years, we've seen the exponential increase in the cell phone's abilities, as its price continues to go down. Several attempts at fads didn't quite catch on. Yet, with each new device, the cell phone's evolution became faster and more sleek.
1993: IBM Personal Communicator:
This is the first Cell phone to have Smartphone capabilities.
1998: NOKIA 5110:
This handset was best remembered for the Game Snake and Colorful Snap-on covers. Talk time increased up to 3 hours.
2004: MOTOROLA RAZR V3:
Best remembered for ultra-thin design, talk time increases up to 7 hours.
2007: APPLE iPhone:
Best remembered for being a Game changer.
2013:
Lots of Smart-Phone from various manufacturers around the world, like Blackberry, Sony, LG, Apple, Samsung, Nokia, Symphony etc.

Car Design Concepts Future Technology

Number 10 - Organically grown cars:
Biome, the new Mercedes-Benz concept, could merit an entire Top 10 feature itself. We’ll limit ourselves to highlights, like its bio-fiber cloth body. The plan calls for panels harvested from organically-grown, genetically-modified trees. Cool stuff in theory, but even our horticultural illiterate imaginations question the ramp-up time and sheer volume needed for full production without depletion. Our guess is by 2050, adaptation could include trim pieces and limited body panels on existing models for better weight distribution and a lowered center of gravity.
Number 9 - Transparent instrument panels:
OLED technology is currently an expensive tech with unique applications, but as with most technology, the cost goes down exponentially with time. The Kia Pop concept takes a unique approach to the dashboard with a transparent OLED panel that gives a better range of vision (obviously - you can see through it) than other dashboards. This is the kind of technology that is usually exhibited on halo models first and then trickles down to mass-produced compacts and sedans. Given the rapid improvement in OLED technology, we wouldn’t be surprised to see this tech in new cars by 2015.
Number 8 - Electric rickshaw
This seems the result of a Mercedes designer with Seinfeld on the brain. Kramer and Newman’s idea of the homeless pulling rickshaws has evolved into the Maybach DRS concept for personal transportation. We should probably be grateful it wasn’t based on "The Contest" episode. Anyway, this "urban sombrero" seems like a nice blend of personal city transportation and isolation. On the other hand, it would be a two-wheeled coffin if a taxi ran a red light and T-boned you. While corporate lawyers fret over this, don’t expect to see one before 2075.
Number 7 - Vegetable-based components:
Honda’s Air concept is not the only air-powered idea out there, but its vegetable-based body panels give new meaning to “organic design.” Reduced weight would be a major benefit, especially when combined with other weight-saving features like airless urethane tires and glass-reinforced seating panels. These would be great technologies to see on any Honda or Acura model, just probably not on the Air itself (too bad, because it looks like it’d be a blast to drive and the division desperately needs a sports car). If Honda can refine the practice for optimal strength and shape retention, we’d expect to see at least limited production use among existing vehicles by 2030.
Number 6 - Turbine-electric hybrid power:
Jaguar’s C-X75 super-car concept, like the marque’s current lineup, is stunning. What sets this car apart from the rest of the brand -- and most other automobiles -- is revolution in design. An electric motor is at each wheel, drawing from a central lithium-ion battery pack. The C-X75’s party pieces are twin gas turbines. Summon their power and Jaguar claims 3.4-second 0-60 mph blasts and a 205 mph top end. If they can find a way to dissipate the turbines’ massive heat without melting cars behind the C-X75 in traffic, we’d love this car or a green version of the XK to employ this tech by 2025.
Number 5 - Pure oxygen emissions:
Another future vehicle tech highlight of the spacey-but-cool Mercedes Biome is not what it has, but what it doesn't have: nasty emissions. In this case, all it spews back into the atmosphere is pure oxygen. It’s almost as if the trees used in the car’s body panel construction live on. As hopeful as we are -- and as much as they’d dig it in Los Angeles -- we can’t imagine it in production Benzes before 2050.
Number 4 - Energy-producing body panels
The world is full of odd couples, incomprehensible pairings that somehow seem to work. Toyota believes enough in such matches that they’re putting their name on it: the Nori (Japanese for seaweed). And unlike Audi's unintended French double-entendre with the E-tron, Toyota’s naming is deliberate. Seaweed is used in the conjoined carbon fiber body/chassis, which is also embedded with solar panels. The combined body and chassis format is incredibly strong and light, and with the addition of the solar cells, actually generates supplemental power. We doubt the Nori will be parked next to Corollas in dealer showrooms, but we bet a derivative of this technology could reach future Prius models by 2020.
Number 3 - In-wheel magnetic drive system:
Future vehicle tech suggests tomorrow’s electric vehicles will feature multiple motors, even one at each wheel. Concepts like Jaguar’s aforementioned C-X75 have this, but the Nissan iV is unique. Look beyond the spider silk and ivy composite body (hence, the iV name) and witness the concentric hub-less motors in each wheel. This patented Nissan technology also handles steering and suspension duties. Weight and moving parts are cut down in the process -- very good things indeed. The 2035 street-date mentioned in the vehicle description seems plausible for the feature, even if the iV itself does not.
Number 2 - Interchangeable carbon fiber body panels:
Co-winner of the L.A. Auto Show Design Challenge with the Cadillac Aera, the Smart 454 WWT (Weight Watch Technologies) overplayed the cutesy card with endless references to their Smart Granny Robots (SGRs) knitting the carbon fiber body and chassis. Carbon fiber itself is not new, though you’ll pay dearly for a car with any significant amount. Smart aims to make it affordable and features interchangeable body panels to reconfigure the car as needed or desired. If Smart survives and crash testing passes, we bet this could be yours by 2020.
Number 1 - Air propulsion:
There’s nothing wrong with making internal combustion engines more efficient, and efforts to advance EVs are commendable too. Cadillac (yes, Cadillac) goes further still with air propulsion, as proffered on the Aera (Aero + Era). The 2+2 lightweight won the L.A. Auto Show Design Challenge, due in no small part to its style and air propulsion, leading to a theoretical range of 1000 miles on compressed air before refueling. As much as we love today’s hedonistic CTS-V cars, we’d really love to try a Cadillac with the Aera’s future vehicle tech by 2030.

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